It is composed of different cells and specific tissues whose main function is to facilitate the drainage and secretion of breast milk during lactation. The nipple-areolar complex is a region of the breast that has unique characteristics. We also present a diagnostic algorithm that enables a rapid, practical approach to diagnosing condition involving the nipple-areolar complex. This review describes and illustrates a combined clinical and radiological approach to evaluate the nipple-areolar complex, emphasizing the findings for the normal morphology, developmental abnormalities, and the most common benign and malignant diseases that can affect this region. It is essential to get acquainted with the acquisition technique for each modality and the spectrum of findings for the different conditions.
Radiologists need to know the different imaging modalities used to study the nipple-areolar complex, as well as their advantages and limitations. The nipple-areolar complex requires a specific imaging workup in which a multimodal approach is essential. The nipple-areolar complex can be affected by abnormal development and a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, many of which have unspecific clinical and radiological presentations that can present a challenge for radiologists.
The anatomic and histologic characteristics of the nipple-areolar complex make this breast region special.
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